Bee Types Variety
Away from 2009 to 2018, 192 bee assortment (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was involved inside the Calanques Government Park via both online and you are going to dish trap series. They belonged to help you half dozen family and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae are some of the most categories-steeped family, followed by Apidae and you will Halictidae, which have 53, forty two, and you will 43 classes, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is basically the latest richest genus, that have 33 assortment, if you’re eight genera was indeed portrayed on the one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step 1 [on the internet simply] ). Utilizing the jackknife 1 and dos bots, brand new bee types fullness is basically estimated to get anywhere between ± nine.89 and you can ± . The newest seen richness hence represented 71.3 so you’re able to 79.6% of one’s projected bee fullness ( Dining table dos). Brand new Chao1 means estimated brand new seen richness to acquire 76.8% of your own prospective limitation richness ( Desk 2). The most abundant kinds is largely Apis mellifera L. (276 someone), that have Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 some body, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 some one). Sooner or later, fifty categories (26%) have been represented by one private (singletons).
Ecosystem Functions out of Bees
About your ecological properties from nesting requires, we realized 59 single bee species nesting significantly more than flooring, ninety-five unmarried bee range nesting below ground and you can 23 cleptoparasitic variety, similar to 29.seven, 47.9, and you may numerous.0% of your over bee range fullness, correspondingly. We thought of four personal species (bumble bees and you may honey bees-2.1%). Ultimately, this new nesting tastes out of 14 variety will still be unfamiliar (eight.3%- Supp Dining table the initial step [on the internet only] ). Concerning your flowery eating plan regarding bee kinds, i learned that 105 products (54.7%) foraged toward many bush varieties (i.decades., generalist variety, polylectic) and you will 51 varieties (26.5%) foraged on a single plant family unit members or even one to/couples plant species (we.ages., elite group species, oligolectic). On the leftover 36 bee assortment (18.8%), the new floral eating plan was not known (age.grams., which have cleptoparasitic types). maybe not, very generalist kinds displayed a desires for starters otherwise lots 
of plant group ( Supp Table step one [online just] ). Toward forty-two singletons, 14 bee categories (28%) ended up being pros, and you may 9 bee types (18%) have been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk 1 [on the internet simply] ).
A passionate IUCN reputation are plentiful to have 178 diversity (leaving out this new groups buildings and not known products). Many, 47 sizes try classified due to the fact analysis without (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 variety were the absolute minimum alarmed (LC-69.6%), half a dozen kinds ended up being close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and something species is assumed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Desk 1 [online merely] ). Around three oligolectic groups have been among the many eight endangered bee sizes. A great. ovatula and C. albomaculatus try professional toward Fabaceae, D. argentata is largely a specialist to the Caprifoliaceae.
Off 2009 so you can 2018, 38 type of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) had been trapped to the Calanques Federal Playground. It belonged to help you 24 genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on the internet simply] ). Probably the most plentiful genera was basically Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 somebody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen anyone), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (13 anybody), whereas 20 types (53%) was basically depicted throughout the only 1 private ( Supp Table dos [on line merely] ). This new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) were depicted of your 20 variety, in addition to five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step 3 [on the web simply] ). The fresh new quotation regarding full range richness aside-out of hover flies and you may bee flies is actually anywhere between 83 and you will 97 kinds using the jackknife 1 and you can 2 spiders, respectively. Consequently, the newest seen fullness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of the projected hover travel and you will bee fly richness ( Desk 2).